Reported speech

 Reported speech 

 It's when You tell somebody what You or a other person said before when You reporting a speech, somechanges are necesary.


° Diferent types of reported speech 

A. Statement: 

 Reporting statements when transforming statement check wheter You have to chance pronous, tense, place and time expression


Pronous: in reported speech, You ofen hace to change the pronoun depending on who says what.


Example:" he says, "My mom eat chicken"

                  He says that his mom eat chicken

Direct speech = indirect speech

I = he/she

We = they

My = his her

Your = My 

Our = their 

Me = him/ her 

Us = them



B. Tenses: if the sentence starts in presente, there is not backshif of tenses un reported speech.

- if the sentence starts in the past, there is often a backshift of tenses un reportes speech.


Directs = indirect Speech

Now = them

Today = that day

Here = there

This = that

Tomorrow = the following day/ the next day, the day after

Next week = the following week/ the next week, the week after 

Yesterday = the previous day/ the day before

Last week = the previous week/ the week before 

Ago = previous/ before

Tonight= that night


- the day before yesterday= two days before

- the day after tomorrow= in two days



C. Modal verbs: the modal verbs could, should, would, might, need'nt, ought to ando used to do not normally change.


Example: he said: "she need'nt a teacher"

He said that she need'nt a teacher


Direct speech = indirect speech

Present simple= past time 

Present continous= past continous

Present perfect= past perfect

Simple past= past perfect

Will= would

Can= could

May= might

Must= had to

Hace to= had to 



D. Place, demostratives and time expression: place, demostratives and time expressions change if the context of the reported statement is different.



 Direct speech = indirect speech

This= that

These= those



• reporting questions: 


When transforming question check we ther You have to change: the pronous, the place and time expressions. The tenses ( backshift)


Also, note that You have to change

-transform the question into a indirect question

Use the question Word ( where, when, what, how or if/ bether



Types of questions: 


* With question words using what, where, When, why, how


Direct speech = indirect speech

Why don't you speak English= he asked me why i didn't speak English


* Without question words ( yes/ no question) 


Do You speak portuguese? = He asked me whether/ if i spoke portuguese 



C. Reporting request/ Commandos


When transforming request ando commands check You have to change:


D. Pronous/ place and time expressions


Direct speech = reported speech

"She said eat" = she said me eat!!



Here is a vídeo thats explains the reported speech 



https://youtu.be/TvE9pbYRtl0













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